Strasbourg Observers

View posts from: Burden of proof

  • Volkan Aslan

Bakradze v. Georgia: A Landmark Shift in the Burden of Proof for Judicial Appointments

February 21, 2025

Dr. Volkan Aslan In Bakradze v. Georgia, the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) ruled that Georgia had violated Article 14 of the European Convention on Human Rights in conjunction with Articles 10 and 11 in relation to the applicant, a former judge. The applicant alleged that she was discriminated against in two judicial competitions […]

  • Christopher Roberts

Machalikashvili and Others v. Georgia: The Critical Importance of the Burden and Standard of Proof to Human Rights Adjudication

March 17, 2023

Christopher Roberts Machalikashvili and Others v. Georgia concerned the killing of T.M. by members of the Counter-Terrorism Department of the State Security Service (‘SSS’) of Georgia on 26 December 2017. The precise circumstances in which this killing took place, as well as the integrity and comprehensiveness of the investigation subsequently conducted into the killing, were […]

  • Mathias Möschel

Basu v. Germany and Muhammad v. Spain: Room for improvement in the Court’s first judgments on racial profiling

November 08, 2022

by Mathias Möschel On 18 October 2022, the Third Section of the Strasbourg Court, decided two cases dealing for the first time with the question of whether and how far racial profiling by public authorities constitutes a violation of the Convention. The outcome is a mixed one. Whereas in Basu v. Germany the judges held […]